What Does a Media Psychologist Do?

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I get a lot of questions about career paths in media psychology, particularly among those thinking of pursuing a degree in the field. I certainly empathize with that confusion–and the desire to make sure someone will give you a job if you do all that work. Media psychology, as a new field, doesn’t offer up any quick and easy answers. It’s helpful to think about how to define media psychology broadly and then make it relevant to individual interests and goals. It the largest sense, media psychology is using psychological theory to understand how people use, consume, and produce media. It has applications to groups and individuals as well as nations. The word media is often assumed to be mass media, but media psychology looks at communication that is mediated by technology. Needless to say, the field paints with a pretty broad brush.

Some people start with their current or hoped-for career and then target their approach to the degree in a way that supports their needs. Someone who works with teens, for example, may be looking for ways to effectively communicate with or educate teens and therefore choose to focus on topics such as issues of developmental psychology, such as cognition, identity development, how teens are using technology, what narratives resonate, and how physical perceptions impact motivation and emotion. A designer or producer of media may focus on things such as perceptions, cognition, and how those are supported and challenged in different applications such as large screen/small screen. An educator may choose to focus on how different media applications interact with learning styles, multiple intelligences, engagement, self-efficacy, and individual strengths.

Other people start with a passion for an area and then seek a job that requires that knowledge set. For example, if you are skilled in using media to deliver factual information, there are roles in education (teaching teachers as well as teaching students), business communications (training internally as well as educating clients/customers), and healthcare (developing and promoting health education through media). Media psychology is relevant to advertising (for profit as well as nonprofit), applications and game developers.

Media psychology, like many other fields, requires some focus and specialization within areas of expertise. Much like a degree in any subject, from English to Economics (and I can’t speak the the hard sciences here, as I just don’t know), it gives you a good theoretical toolkit to apply to types of uses/development. But unlike a degree that is more vocationally oriented, such as education and teaching, there is not obvious immediate next step (like get a credential and teach elementary school.) To me, it makes the field very exciting. At the same time, it demands more of you to set your direction.

I’d be happy to talk about how any specific interests fit with my own experience in media psychology, as will most of my colleagues. There are different perspectives from different people, but we are all passionate about understanding how people and groups interact with media technologies and how that molds society. My own background has involved visual design, marketing, branding, country perceptions, health education, teaching, media messaging, and research on things like websites and digital games for kids. I love that it is always changing.

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Why LinkedIn Works: The Strength of Weak Ties

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From Advertising Age: LinkedIn Skyrockets as Job Losses Mounts. The impressive rise in LinkedIn participation shows the power of social media and the cognitive shift from hunting for “jobs” to connecting with people. Good time to reread Granovetter’s “The Strength of Weak Ties” or Barabasi’s Linked: How Everything Is Connected to Everything Else and What It Means.  These should be required reading for anyone working with or interested in social media applications. (BTW, Linked is available in audio for commuters and aural learners.) The strength of weak ties was one of the seminal papers in the development of network theory to social processes. Both Granovetter’s paper, and Barabasi’s book, which takes a broader look at the development of network theory, explain why social media networks have such tremendous reach and power, and why LinkedIn is such an effective resource for career change and employment opportunities. Granovetter’s original paper was published in 1973. A 1983 version where Granovetter reviews studies tested and elaborated on his hypothesis “The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory Revisited” is available on the web if you Google it.

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Innovation in Education: Students May be Required to Think

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An Associated Press article in the Herald Dispatch article today says “Governor says Ohio schools need new focus.”

The news brief says:

Concepts such as problem solving, critical thinking, cultural awareness and media literacy would overtake memorization and pencil-and-paper tests in an educational overhaul trumpeted by Gov. Ted Strickland.

Strickland’s education aims in his two-year budget proposal would not only change how schools are funded, but also how students are taught. Ohio’s curriculum would be infused with so-called “21st Century Skills,” a buzz phrase in the education world whose framework has been implemented in 10 states and in individual schools across the country.

The goal is to move students away from the memorization and regurgitation of facts and instead require them to apply their knowledge in problem-solving situations, often with the use of technology.

American students have been performing poorly on problem-solving skills in comparison to students from many other industrialized countries. A growing body of research in cognitive psychology suggests that minds learn best when memorization of facts is blended with critical thinking exercises to use that knowledge, noted a recent report from the think tank Education Sector.

I’m not sure if the right response to this is “duh!” or perhaps from a more positive stance “FINALLY!” (Although does it trouble you that the reporter refers to this statement as being “trumpeted” by the Governor? Not exactly a vote of confidence there!)

One thing is clear, we have to get over being afraid of technology. If we put half the energy and resources that people current devote to finding the negative effects of media in developing ways to harness technology for education, we’d be a lot farther ahead. And more importantly, our kids would be developing the skill set they will need in a highly competitive, globalized world.

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Digital Storytelling: Asynchronous Journeys

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I was doing some research for an online course I’m teaching at Fielding Graduate University in Digital Narrative and Emerging Technologies, and came across this absolutely brilliant video called “The Bus” by photographer Daniel Meadows. It is beautifully produced, but has an incredible tenderness and humanity. Meadows teaches and researches Digital Storytelling in the U.K. Here is how he describes digital storytelling:

Digital Stories are short, personal, multimedia tales. Written with feeling and in the first person there’s a strictness to their construction: 250 words, a dozen or so pictures, and two minutes is about the right length.
Considered narratives which subject themselves to strictures of form tend to elegance. Digital Stories — when properly done — can be tight as sonnets: multimedia sonnets from the people.

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The Digital Social “Me”

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I sat with a group of educators, marketers, public relations professionals, investor relations professionals, and web developers yesterday talking about how to develop a graduate level program focused on social media. This was especially interesting because as the only psychologist, my vantage point was quite different. Where marketers talk about metrics and stats in media use, I wonder about how people interpret or make meaning out of the experience. To me, the metrics might show if the net result is positive or negative but they don’t illuminate much under the hood. I always enjoy it when I get to see a different way of looking at something or thinking about something by talking with smart people. The discussions also reinforce my opinion that effective media applications come from a multi-disciplinary foundation.

One topic of discussion was, what does a program focused on social media even mean? What is social media? Is it the same as Web 2.0? Is it part of Web 2.0? Will anyone who might be interested in the program recognize what it’s about from these labels?

This got me thinking about identity (which is just another word for branding, even though it’s most often applied to people). I define Web 2.0 as when technology went interactive rather than being a unidirectional experience. No matter how you define Web 2.0, the existence of 2.0 means establishing a common term is both more important and harder than it’s ever been. This is because the world is networked. You don’t have to work hard at achieving a definition among a few geographically proximate folks with similar life experiences. With Web 2.0 connectivity, the flood gates are open to ideas, experiences, assumptions, and beliefs of all kinds.

Creating commonalities is a distinctly human activity. It satisfies to very basic hard-wired human needs: order and social contact. Social media is one of the ways people come together to find commonalities and create communities and groups.

We all know that today’s kids have experiences that we did not have growing up. Most of them are impacted by some kind of technology. Facebook is essentially the “Youth Activity Center” at my high school. It was public in that anyone in the high school could attend, but it was private because you hung out with your friends in your section of the place, clearing defining your group identity with your clothes, hair, and various other behavioral accoutrements of teenageness. I came across this lecture by danah boyd at the Handheld Learning 2008 Conference. (FYI – the conference site is also very cool with videos of many speakers and is definitely worth checking out.) Danah’s area of expertise is social media–she talks about her research findings and impression of the way social media provides what I think of as the digital construction of identity–how social media sites in particular, but digital representations of individuals in general, display an incredibly rich tableau of information about an individual, what is important to him/her, how he/she want to be seen, their environmental and social context, These identities are essentially narratives that, while public, are distinctly targeted to their audience and consequently tell as about the audience as about the individual.

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